Binciken Blockchain da AI don Sadarwar Wayar 6G

Table of Contents

1. Gabatarwa

Sadarwar waya ta zamani na shida (6G) tana wakiltar ci gaba na gaba a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar wayar hannu, tana gina tushen 5G don magance ƙalubalen da ke tasowa a cikin sarrafa albarkatun, tsaro, da gine-ginen daban-daban. Hanyoyin sadarwa na 6G suna nufin cimma matuƙar saurin gudu, matuƙar jinkiri, da cikakken ɗaukar hoto ta hanyar haɗa sadarwar ƙasa, tauraron dan adam, da na sama.

2. Tushen Blockchain da AI

2.1 Bayyani Game da Fasahar Blockchain

Blockchain tana ba da fasahar lissafin kuɗi maras tsari, wanda ba za a iya canzawa ba wanda ke ba da damar amintattun ma'amaloli ba tare da manyan hukumomi ba. A cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na 6G, blockchain na iya haɓaka tsaro, ba da damar ma'amaloli marasa amana, da tallafawa sarrafa hanyar sadarwa mai rarrabawa.

2.2 Hankalin Wucin Gadi a Cikin Hanyoyin Sadarwa mara waya

Fasahohin AI, musamman injin koyo da koyo mai zurfi, na iya inganta ayyukan hanyar sadarwa, annabta yanayin zirga-zirga, da ba da damar raba albarkatu mai hankali. Haɗin AI tare da hanyoyin sadarwa na 6G yana sauƙaƙe sarrafa hanyar sadarwa mai cin gashin kanta da isar da sabis ɗin daidaitawa.

3. Haɗin Blockchain da AI a 6G

3.1 Ayyuka masu Tsaro

Haɗin Blockchain da AI yana ba da damar ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na 6G:

• Gudanar da Bakan: Raba bakan mai kuzari ta amfani da kwangiloli masu wayo da annabta na tushen AI
• Rarraba Lissafi: Gudanar da albarkatun kwamfuta mai rarrabawa
• Ajiye Abun ciki: Dabarun ajiya masu hankali tare da tabbaci na tushen blockchain
• Tsaro da Sirri: Ingantaccen kariya ta hanyar sarrafa ainihin ainihi mai rarrabawa

3.2 Aikace-aikacen IoT masu wayo

Manyan aikace-aikacen IoT waɗanda ke amfana daga haɗin gwiwar blockchain-AI:

• Lafiya mai wayo: Amintaccen raba bayanan kiwon lafiya da bincike na tushen AI
• Sufuri mai wayo: Daidaita motocin cin gashin kansu da inganta zirga-zirga
• Lantarki mai wayo: Cinikin makamashi mai rarrabawa da daidaita kaya
• Motocin Sama marasa Matuki (UAVs): Hankalin garken dabbobi da amintacciyar sadarwa

4. Aiwar Fasaha

4.1 Tushen Lissafi

Haɗin blockchain da AI a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na 6G ya dogara ne akan ƙirar lissafi da yawa. Don rarraba albarkatu, muna amfani da tsare-tsaren ingantawa:

$\min_{x} f(x) = \sum_{i=1}^{N} w_i \cdot C_i(x_i)$

bisa la'akari da: $g_j(x) \leq 0, j=1,...,m$

inda $x$ ke wakiltar masu canjin rarraba albarkatu, $w_i$ ma'auni ne, kuma $C_i$ ayyukan farashi ne don abubuwan hanyar sadarwa daban-daban.

Don horar da ƙirar AI a cikin saitunan rarrabawa, ana iya bayyana maƙasudin koyo na tarayya kamar haka:

$\min_{\theta} F(\theta) = \sum_{k=1}^{K} \frac{n_k}{n} F_k(\theta)$

inda $F_k(\theta)$ shine aikin maƙasudin gida don abokin ciniki $k$, $n_k$ girman bayanai ne, kuma $n$ jimillar girman bayanai ne.

4.2 Sakamakon Gwaji

Ƙididdigar gwaji sun nuna gagarumin ci gaba a cikin aikin hanyar sadarwa. A cikin gwaje-gwajen sarrafa bakan, hanyar blockchain-AI ta sami ƙarin amfani da bakan kashi 35% idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin gargajiya. An rage jinkiri a cikin aikace-aikacen kiwon lafiya mai wayo da kashi 42% ta hanyar ingantaccen rarraba albarkatu.

Teburin Kwatancen Aiki:

4.3 Aiwar Lambar

A ƙasa akwai sauƙaƙaƙƙen lambar ƙarya don rarraba bakan na tushen blockchain tare da ingantaccen AI:

class SpectrumAllocation:
    def __init__(self):
        self.blockchain = Blockchain()
        self.ai_model = AIModel()
        
    def allocate_spectrum(self, request):
        # Tabbatar da buƙata akan blockchain
        if self.blockchain.validate_request(request):
            # Ingantaccen rarrabawa na tushen AI
            allocation = self.ai_model.optimize_allocation(request)
            # Rubuta akan blockchain
            transaction = self.blockchain.create_transaction(allocation)
            return transaction
        return None
    
    def train_ai_model(self, data):
        # Hanyar koyo ta tarayya
        local_model = self.ai_model.local_update(data)
        global_model = self.blockchain.aggregate_models(local_model)
        return global_model

5. Alkiblar Aikace-aikace da Bincike na Gaba

Haɗin blockchain da AI a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na 6G yana buɗe yuwuwar gaba da yawa:

• Lambar Sirri mai Jurewa Quantum: Haɓaka ƙa'idodin blockchain bayan-quantum don tsaro na dogon lokaci
• AI Mai Bayyanawa: Ƙirƙirar ƙirar AI mai fassara don mahimman yanke shawara na hanyar sadarwa
• Aikace-aikacen Metaverse: Tallafawa gogewa mai nutsar da kai ta hanyar amintacciyar sadarwa maras jinkiri
• Hanyoyin Sadarwa masu Dorewa: Hanyoyin yarjejeniya na blockchain masu ingancin makamashi da sarrafa wutar lantarki na tushen AI
• Haɗin kai na Sararin Samaniya-Ƙasa: Faɗaɗa iyawar 6G zuwa tauraron dan adam da sadarwar sararin samaniya

Original Analysis

Haɗin gwiwar blockchain da hankalin wucin gadi a cikin sadarwar wayar 6G yana wakiltar sauyin yanayi a cikin ƙirar gine-ginen hanyar sadarwa. Wannan binciken ya yi cikakken magana kan yadda waɗannan fasahohi guda biyu masu rushewa za su iya haɗa kai don magance mahimman ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar hanyoyin sadarwa na gaba. Marubutan sun gaskata cewa hanyoyin sadarwa na 6G ba za su buƙaci ƙarin haɓakawa kawai ba amma canje-canjen gine-gine don biyan buƙatun tsaro, inganci, da hankali.

Ta fuskar fasaha, haɗin hanyoyin amana na blockchain tare da iyawar ingantaccen AI yana haifar da tsari mai ƙarfi don sarrafa hanyar sadarwa mai cin gashin kanta. Kamar yadda CycleGAN [1] ya nuna fassarar hoto ta hanyoyin biyu ta hanyar horon adawa, haɗin gwiwar blockchain-AI yana ba da damar amana da kwararar hankali ta hanyoyin biyu a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa. Blockchain yana ba da tushen amana da za a iya tantancewa, yayin da AI ke ba da hankali mai daidaitawa, yana haifar da alaƙar symiotic kamar yadda nau'in janareta-mai nuna bambanci a cikin GANs.

Ƙirar lissafin da aka gabatar sun yi daidai da kafaffen tsare-tsaren ingantawa a cikin sadarwar waya, musamman suna zana daga ka'idodin ingantawa da ka'idodin wasa. Hanyar koyo ta tarayya da aka ambata tana da alaƙa da aikin Google akan koyon injin rarrabawa yayin magance matsalolin sirri ta hanyar tabbacin blockchain. A cewar rahotannin Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta IEEE [2], irin wannan AI mai kiyaye sirri zai zama mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen 6G a cikin fagage masu mahimmanci kamar kiwon lafiya da kuɗi.

Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin tsakiya na gargajiya, tsarin rarrabawa yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci a cikin juriya da ƙima. Koyaya, kamar yadda aka lura a cikin binciken Fasahar MIT na iyakokin blockchain [3], ƙarin lissafin lissafi ya kasance abin damuwa, musamman ga na'urorin IoT masu ƙarancin albarkatu. Binciken zai iya amfana daga ƙarin cikakken bincike na hanyoyin yarjejeniya masu sauƙi da aiwatar da AI na gefe.

Sakamakon gwaji da ke nuna ingantaccen ingantaccen bakan na kashi 35% da raguwar jinkiri na kashi 42% suna da ban sha'awa, kodayake turawa na ainihin duniya na iya fuskantar ƙarin ƙalubale a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Aikin gaba yakamata ya bincika hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar da ke haɗa ƙarfin gine-ginen tsakiya da na rarrabawa, kama da tsarin koyo na tarayya wanda ke daidaita sarrafa gida tare da haɗin gwiwar duniya.

Nassoshi: [1] Zhu, J.Y., et al. "Fassarar Hoton-da-Hoto mara Haɗin gwiwa ta amfani da Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Zagayowar Adawa." ICCV 2017. [2] Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta IEEE, "Hangen nesa na 6G da Bukatun," 2022. [3] Bita na Fasahar MIT, "Blockchain da AI suna haɗuwa," 2021.

6. Nassoshi

1. Zuo, Y., et al. "Binciken Blockchain da Hankalin Wucin Gadi don Sadarwar Wayar 6G." IEEE Access, 2023.
2. Letaief, K.B., et al. "Hanyar zuwa 6G: Hanyoyin Sadarwar Wayar Hankalin Wucin Gadi." Mujallar Sadarwa ta IEEE, 2019.
3. NVIDIA. "AI a cikin Sadarwar Wayar: Takarda Fari." 2022.
4. 3GPP. "Nazarin kan Yanayi da Bukatun don Fasahohin Samun Damar Gaba." TR 38.913, 2022.
5. Zhu, J.Y., et al. "Fassarar Hoton-da-Hoto mara Haɗin gwiwa ta amfani da Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Zagayowar Adawa." ICCV 2017.
6. Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta IEEE. "Hangen nesa na 6G da Bukatun." Rahoton Fasaha, 2022.