Blockchain a matsayin Dandali don Bayyaniyar AI: Tsari, Kalubale, da Aikace-aikace

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

• 1. Gabatarwa
• 2. Kalubalen Bayyaniyar AI
• 3. Bayyani kan Fasahar Blockchain
• 4. Blockchain don Bayyaniyar AI
• 5. Tsarin Ingantaccen Bayyaniyar AI ta Blockchain
• 6. Kalubale da Iyakoki
• 7. Sakamakon Gwaji da Nazarin Lamura
• 8. Cikakkun Bayanai na Aiwar Fasaha
• 9. Aikace-aikace da Jagorori na Gaba
• 10. Bayanan da aka ambata

1. Gabatarwa

Tsarin Hankali na Wucin Gadi (AI), musamman samfuran koyo mai zurfi, sun kawo sauyi mai girma a fagage kamar kiwon lafiya, kudi, da tsarin sarrafa kai. Duk da haka, rashin bayyanannen su na asali—matasar "akwatin baki"—yana haifar da manyan kalubale ga amincewa, alhaki, da bin ka'idoji. Fasahar Blockchain, tare da yanayinta na rarrabawa, rashin canzawa, da bayyananne, tana ba da mafita mai kyau don inganta bayyaniyar AI. Wannan takarda tana binciken haɗin gwiwar blockchain da AI don ƙirƙirar hanyoyin tantancewa don yanke shawarar AI, asalin bayanai, da sabunta samfura.

2. Kalubalen Bayyaniyar AI

Matsalar "akwatin baki" a cikin AI tana nufin rashin iyawar fassara ko bin diddigin hanyoyin yanke shawara na hadaddun samfura kamar hanyoyin sadarwar jijiyoyi. Wannan rashin bayyanawa yana raunana amincewar mai amfani, musamman a aikace-aikacen da ke da muhimmanci inda yanke shawara ke da tasirin ɗabi'a, doka, ko aminci. Alal misali, a fannin kiwon lafiya, AI da ke gano cututtuka dole ne ya ba da hujjar yanke shawararsa don samun amincen likita. Hakazalika, a fannin kuɗi, dole ne algorithms na amincewa da lamuni su zama masu bayyanawa don guje wa sakamako mai ban sha'awa. Tsarin ka'idoji kamar GDPR sun jaddada "haƙƙin bayani," suna ƙara haskaka buƙatar tsarin AI masu bayyanawa.

3. Bayyani kan Fasahar Blockchain

Blockchain fasaha ce ta rajistar rarrabawa wacce ke da halayen rarrabawa, rashin canzawa, da bayyananne. Kowane ma'amala yana da alaƙa ta hanyar sirri da na baya, yana haifar da sarkar da ba za a iya ganganci ba. Manyan fasalulluka sun haɗa da:

• Rarrabawa: Babu wata ƙungiya ɗaya da ke sarrafa bayanan, yana rage wuraren kasa.
• Rashin Canzawa: Da zarar an yi rikodin, ba za a iya canza bayanai ba tare da yarjejeniya ba.
• Bayyananne: Duk mahalarta za su iya tabbatar da ma'amaloli, suna haɓaka aminci.

Waɗannan halayen sun sa blockchain ta zama manufa don yin rikodin rajistar yanke shawarar AI, sigogin samfura, da shigarwar bayanai.

4. Blockchain don Bayyaniyar AI

Blockchain tana inganta bayyaniyar AI ta hanyar samar da hanyar tantancewa marar canzawa don:

• Asalin Bayanai: Bin diddigin asali da tarihin bayanan horo.
• Yanke Shawarar Samfura: Yin rajistar shigarwa, fitarwa, da matakai na tsaka-tsaki na hanyoyin AI.
• Sabunta Samfura: Yin rikodin canje-canje ga samfuran AI akan lokaci.

Misali, a cikin motocin masu sarrafa kansu, blockchain na iya yin rajistar bayanan firikwensin da yanke shawarar AI yayin haɗari, yana ba da damar ingantaccen bincike na bincike. A fannin kiwon lafiya, zai iya bin diddigin yanke shawarar AI na bincike zuwa tushen bayanan marasa lafiya, yana tabbatar da bin ka'idodin HIPAA.

5. Tsarin Ingantaccen Bayyaniyar AI ta Blockchain

Tsarin da aka tsara yana haɗa blockchain a matakai uku:

1. Matakin Bayanai: Yana yin rikodin tushen bayanai da matakan sarrafa su akan sarkar.
2. Matakin Samfura: Yana yin rajistar tsarin samfura, sigogin horo, da tarihin siga.
3. Matakin Yanke Shawara: Yana ɗaukar yanke shawarar AI na ainihi tare da alamar lokaci da mahallin shigarwa.

Wannan hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita tana tabbatar da bayyanawa har zuwa ƙarshe, daga tattara bayanai zuwa yanke shawara na ƙarshe.

6. Kalubale da Iyakoki

Duk da yuwuwar sa, haɗin gwiwar blockchain-AI yana fuskantar kalubale da yawa:

• Girma: Hanyoyin sadarwar Blockchain kamar Ethereum suna fama da yawan ma'amaloli, wanda zai iya haifar da toshewar tsarin AI da ke buƙatar yin rajistar ainihi.
• Ƙarin Lissafi: Ajiyar sarkar da hanyoyin yarjejeniya suna haifar da jinkiri.
• Rikitarwar Haɗin kai: Haɗa tsarin rarrabawa tare da kayan aikin AI na tsakiya yana buƙatar manyan canje-canjen gine-gine.
• Damuwa na Sirri: Bayyanannun blockchain na iya fallasa bayanan AI masu mahimmanci, suna buƙatar dabarun kiyaye sirri kamar hujjojin rashin sani.

7. Sakamakon Gwaji da Nazarin Lamura

An ƙirƙiri samfuri don tabbatar da tsarin, mai da hankali kan AI na kiwon lafiya da ke gano cutar sukari. Manyan sakamako:

• Ingancin Bin Diddigin Bincike: Blockchain ta yi rikodin yanke shawara 10,000 tare da matsakaicin jinkiri na dakika 2.1 a kowace ma'amala.
• Ingancin Bayanai: Hashing na sirri ya tabbatar da sifili abubuwan da suka faru na ganganci a cikin gwaji na watanni 6.
• Bin Ka'idoji: Tsarin ya samar da rahotanni kai tsaye don tantancewar GDPR da HIPAA, yana rage aikin hannu da kashi 70%.

Hoto na 1: Zanen gine-gine yana nuna kwararar bayanai daga samfurin AI zuwa rajistar blockchain, yana nuna matakan hashing da yarjejeniya.

8. Cikakkun Bayanai na Aiwar Fasaha

Tsarin bayyanawa yana amfani da hashing na sirri don haɗa yanke shawarar AI ba tare da canzawa ba. Kowane yanke shawara $D_i$ an yi masa hashing kamar $H_i = \text{SHA-256}(D_i || H_{i-1})$, inda $||$ ke nuna haɗawa. Wannan yana haifar da sarkar tubalan $B = \{H_1, H_2, ..., H_n\}$, yana tabbatar da rikodin hana ganganci. Don bayyaniyar samfura, ana yin rajistar sabuntawa na gradient a cikin koyo na tarayya ta hanyar kwangiloli masu wayo, tare da tabbatarwa ta hanyar $\nabla W_{t+1} = \nabla W_t - \eta \cdot \frac{\partial L}{\partial W}$.

Misalin Pseudocode:
function logDecision(input, output, modelVersion) {
  let hash = sha256(input + output + modelVersion + previousHash);
  blockchain.addTransaction(hash, timestamp);
  return hash;
}

9. Aikace-aikace da Jagorori na Gaba

Aikin gaba zai mayar da hankali kan:

• Blockchains masu Sauƙi: Bincika zane-zane masu jagora (DAGs) don saurin yarjejeniya.
• Haɗin Koyo na Tarayya: Yin amfani da blockchain don daidaita horon AI na rarrabawa a cikin na'urori yayin kiyaye sirri.
• Sandunan Ka'idoji: Haɓaka wuraren gwaji don tsarin blockchain-AI tare da haɗin gwiwar hukumomi kamar FDA da Ofishin EU AI.
• Haɗin gwiwar AI mai Bayyanawa (XAI): Haɗa blockchain tare da dabarun XAI kamar LIME ko SHAP don samar da bayanin ɗan adam da aka adana akan sarkar.

10. Bayanan da aka ambata

1. Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Deep Learning. MIT Press.
2. Zheng, Z., et al. (2017). An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends. IEEE International Congress on Big Data.
3. GDPR Article 22. (2016). General Data Protection Regulation.
4. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.
5. Ribeiro, M.T., et al. (2016). "Why Should I Trust You?" Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier. ACM SIGKDD.

Hangen Nesa na Manazarcin

Mai Tsanani: Wannan takarda tana magance matsalar "akwatin baki" mai mahimmanci a cikin AI ta hanyar amfani da rashin canzawar blockchain—wata hanya mai wayo amma mai kalubale ta fasaha. Duk da cewa ra'ayin yana da kyau, matsalolin girman duniya na iya kawo cikas ga karɓa.

Sarkar Hankali: Tsarin ya kafa sarkar bayyananne: Yanke shawarar AI → hashing na sirri → rikodin blockchain → bin diddigin bincike. Wannan yana haifar da tsarin asali marar canzawa kama da yadda Git ke bin diddigin canje-canjen lamba, amma ga samfuran AI.

Abubuwan Haske da Ragewa: Nazarin lamarin kiwon lafiya da ke nuna ragin kashi 70% a ƙoƙarin tantancewa yana da ban sha'awa. Duk da haka, jinkirin dakika 2.1 a kowace ma'amala yana da matsala ga aikace-aikacen ainihi kamar motocin masu sarrafa kansu. Idan aka kwatanta da Katunan Samfura na Google ko Takardun Gaskiya na AI na IBM, wannan hanyar tana ba da ƙarfin juriya ga ganganci amma mafi munin aiki.

Bayyanawar Aiki: Ya kamata ƙungiyoyi su fara gwada wannan fasahar a aikace-aikacen da ba na ainihi ba da farko (misali, binciken likitanci, bin ka'idodin kuɗi). A halin yanzu, dole ne masu bincike su magance girman ta hanyar maganin Layer-2 ko hanyoyin yarjejeniya madadin. Masu tsara ka'idoji yakamata su yi la'akari da hanyoyin bin diddigin bincike na tushen blockchain a matsayin kayan aikin bin ka'idoji don tsarin AI masu haɗari.